- De Couck M, Mravec B, Gidron Y. You may need the vagus nerve to understand pathophysiology and to treat diseases. Clin Sci (Lond). 2012 Apr;122(7):323-8. doi: 10.1042/CS20110299. PMID: 22150254.

This article provides evidence for the hypothesis that adequate vagus nerve activity reduces the risk of major diseases through common underlying mechanisms and intermediate risk factors. These diseases include cardiovascular disease, cancer, Alzheimer's disease, and metabolic syndrome. (...) Three basic mechanisms contribute to these diseases: local oxidative stress and DNA damage, inflammatory reactions, and excessive sympathetic responses, all of which are inhibited by vagus nerve activity.

This proposed pathological paradigm may have significant preventive and therapeutic implications, whose clinical effects need to be studied. Finally, it is suggested that vagal activity moderates the effects of risk factors on the development of these diseases. By proposing an integrative neurobiological model of major diseases, individuals at risk can be more effectively identified and patients with these diseases can be treated. Individuals with low vagal tone can be identified and subsequently treated by activating the vagus nerve to prevent or treat these diseases. This proposed pathological paradigm may have significant preventive and therapeutic implications, whose clinical effects need to be studied.

- Heart rate variability and slow-paced breathing:when coherence meets resonance CarolineSevoz-Couche et al. Neurosci Biobehav Rev.2022 Apr.

Clinical research on the beneficial effects induced by slow breathing has expanded significantly over the past twenty years. Improvements in cardiovascular function, executive functions, and stress management are among the most notable findings of these studies. However, the mechanisms underlying these effects are multiple and complex.

This review will focus on the importance of reducing respiratory frequency to the resonance frequency (~0.1 Hz), which increases cardiac oscillations, reflecting improved vagally-mediated heart rate variability and baroreflex sensitivity. These effects are achieved through the temporal coherence of respiratory, tensional, and cardiac phases, leading to multiple peripheral benefits.

In return, vagal afferents, which send information to interoceptive zones, are stimulated longer and more intensely than during spontaneous breathing. In limbic zones, which can also be stimulated by increased oscillations in cerebral blood flow and oxygen supply, interoceptive activation triggers a cascade of neuronal activations that may underlie the central benefits of slow and deep breathing.

- Bouny P, Arsac LM, Guérin A, Nerincx G, Deschodt-Arsac V. Guiding Breathing at the Resonance Frequency with Haptic Sensors Potentiates Cardiac Coherence. Sensors (Basel). 2023 May 5;23(9):4494. doi: 10.3390/s23094494. PMID: 37177701; PMCID: PMC10181630.

Heart Coherence is a state achieved when an individual controls their breathing rate at the resonance frequency. This maneuver allows vagal modulations of heart rate induced by breathing to overlap with sympathetic modulations occurring at 0.1 Hz, thereby maximizing the autonomic power of heart-brain connections.

Research has shown that these stimulations enhance vagal regulation, leading to clear benefits for mental and organic health."

- Sevoz-Couche C, Laborde S. Heart rate variability and slow-paced breathing:when coherence meets resonance. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2022 Apr;135:104576. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104576. Epub 2022 Feb 12. PMID: 35167847.

Clinical research on the beneficial effects induced by slow breathing has expanded significantly over the past twenty years. Improvements in cardiovascular function, executive functions, and stress management are among the most notable findings of these studies. However, the underlying mechanisms are complex and multifaceted.

In limbic areas, which can also be stimulated by increased oscillations in cerebral blood flow and oxygen supply, interoceptive activation triggers a cascade of neuronal activations that may underlie the central benefits of slow and deep breathing.

- Stecco A, Pirri C, Stecco C. Fascial entrapment neuropathy. Clin Anat. 2019 Oct;32(7):883-890. doi: 10.1002/ca.23388. Epub 2019 May 1. PMID: 31004463.

There exists a specific microenvironment surrounding the nerve, composed of connective tissues including deep fascia, intermuscular septa, epineurium, and perineurium. Modifications to this microenvironment can result in altered mobility, leading to decreased nerve independence from surrounding structures.

- De Jonckheere J, Ibarissene I, Flocteil M, Logier R. A smartphone based cardiac coherence biofeedback system. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2014;2014:4791-4. doi: 10.1109/EMBC.2014.6944695. PMID: 25571063.

Several studies have shown that these breathing exercises can be an effective therapy in many clinical contexts such as cardiovascular diseases, asthma, fibromyalgia or post-traumatic stress.

- Slomka G, Schleip R, Frei P, Kurpiers N, Krämer M, Bauermeister K, Bauermeister W. The Influence of Mobility Training on the Myofascial Structures of the Back and Extremities. J Clin Med. 2024 Jan 6;13(2):329. doi: 10.3390/jcm13020329. PMID: 38256463; PMCID: PMC10816048.

This study highlights the benefits of mobility training over Crosstrainer exercises and provides valuable information for recommending training programs to improve musculoskeletal functionality and overall well-being.

- Capela Santos D, Jaconiano S, Macedo S, Ribeiro F, Ponte S, Soares P, Boaventura P. Yoga for COVID-19: An ancient practice for a new condition - A literature review. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2023 Feb;50:101717. doi: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2022.101717. Epub 2022 Dec 13. PMID: 36525872; PMCID: PMC9744485.

Yoga practice enhances innate immunity and mental health, making it a potential complementary therapy in the treatment of COVID-19, particularly in post-COVID-19 recovery. In this article, we conducted a literature review on yoga and COVID-19. We found that an intervention incorporating asanas, pranayama, and meditation may be a viable strategy for recovering from COVID-19.

- Chen W, Zhang X, Xie H, He Q, Shi Z. Brain Functional Connectivity in Middle-Aged Hong Chuan Tai Chi Players in Resting State. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Sep 27;19(19):12232. doi: 10.3390/ijerph191912232. PMID: 36231536; PMCID: PMC9565129.

“Tai Chi is an effective strategy for slowing cognitive decline”

- Laborde S, Allen MS, Borges U, Dosseville F, Hosang TJ, Iskra M, Mosley E, Salvotti C, Spolverato L, Zammit N, Javelle F. Effects of voluntary slow breathing on heart rate and heart rate variability: A systematic review and a meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2022 Jul;138:104711. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104711. Epub 2022 May 24.

Voluntary slow breathing (VSB) is used as a preventive technique to support physical and mental health, as it is believed to influence the parasympathetic nervous system (vagus nerve, etc.). ... Voluntary slow breathing exercises could be recommended as a low-cost technique for preventive and adjunctive treatment purposes, with few expected adverse effects.

- sedinfrance.org

"A Simple Breathing Exercise to Regulate Your Autonomic Nervous System"

"Heart rate variability (HRV) amplitude is correlated with lifespan, making it a key marker of homeostasis (stable internal balance within a changing environment). When we suffer from chronic illness, our overwhelmed nervous system fails to maintain this physiological balance, this homeostasis."

- It has been demonstrated by Ewing et al. (1976) that heart rate variability (HRV) analysis can predict autonomic neuropathy in diabetic patients, even before symptoms appear. Since then, it has been confirmed that low HRV is a powerful and independent predictor of impending health problems (Tsuji et al., 1994; Dekker et al., 1997). Additionally, low HRV has been linked to increased mortality from all causes (Ibid). For example, low HRV has also been observed in patients with anxiety disorders (e.g., Cohen & Benjamin, 2006), depression (e.g., Carney et al., 2001; Agelink et al., 2002; Lehrer et al., 2004), and asthma (e.g., Kazuma et al., 1997; Giardino et al., 2004; Lehrer et al., Op. cit.).

“Stimulation has been shown to improve vagal regulation, which translates into clear benefits for mental and organic health.”

- Hsueh B, Chen R, Jo Y, Tang D, Raffiee M, Kim YS, Inoue M, Randles S, Ramakrishnan C, Patel S, Kim DK, Liu TX, Kim SH, Tan L, Mortazavi L, Cordero A, Shi J, Zhao M, Ho TT, Crow A, Yoo AW, Raja C, Evans K, Bernstein D, Zeineh M, Goubran M, Deisseroth K. Cardiogenic control of affective behavioural state. Nature. 2023 Mar;615(7951):292-299. doi: 10.1038/s41586-023-05748-8. Epub 2023 Mar 1. PMID: 36859543; PMCID: PMC9995271.

This article opens new avenues for understanding the biological causes of anxiety disorders and the benefits of certain slow, deep breathing exercises to calm these states.

- Sloan RP, McCreath H, Tracey KJ, Sidney S, Liu K, Seeman T. RR interval variability is inversely related to inflammatory markers: the CARDIA study. Mol Med. 2007 Mar-Apr;13(3-4):178-84. doi: 10.2119/2006–00112.Sloan. PMID: 17592552; PMCID: PMC1892756.

These results are consistent with the hypothesis that decreased descending vagal anti-inflammatory signals may allow overproduction of cytokines in humans.

- Michalak J, Aranmolate L, Bonn A, Grandin K, Schleip R, Schmiedtke J, Quassowsky S, Teismann T. Myofascial Tissue and Depression. Cognit Ther Res. 2022;46(3):560-572. doi: 10.1007/s10608-021-10282-w. Epub 2021 Dec 21. PMID: 34955570; PMCID: PMC8688142.

- McCraty R, Zayas MA. Cardiac coherence, self-regulation, autonomic stability, and psychosocial well-being. Front Psychol. 2014 Sep 29;5:1090. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01090. PMID: 25324802; PMCID: PMC4179616.

- Soer R, Vos D, Hofstra B, Reneman MF. Heart coherence training combined with back school in patients with chronic non-specific low back pain: first pragmatic clinical results. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback. 2014 Dec;39(3-4):259-67. doi: 10.1007/s10484-014-9260-y. PMID: 25274500.

- Toro et al. (2009) reported that the application of a single session of manual therapy (including myofascial induction techniques) produced an immediate increase in heart rate variability and a decrease in tension, anger, and perceived pain in patients with chronic tension-related headaches.

- In a single-blind, placebo-controlled study, Arroyo Morales et al. (2009) reported that myofascial induction techniques could promote recovery from a transient, exercise-induced immunosuppressive state in healthy, active women.

- Tiller WA, McCraty R, Atkinson M. Cardiac coherence: a new, noninvasive measure of autonomic nervous system order. Altern Ther Health Med. 1996 Jan;2(1):52-65. PMID: 8795873.

- Tiller WA, McCraty R, Atkinson M. Cardiac coherence: a new, noninvasive measure of autonomic nervous system order. Altern Ther Health Med. 1996 Jan;2(1):52-65. PMID: 879587

- Pascal J. Grolaux, Timothy J. Sparrow, François Lalonde; Traditional Osteopathy and the General Osteopathic Treatment: A Historical Concept and a Modern Application. AAO Journal 1 December 2021; 31 (4): 39–46. doi: https://doi.org/10.53702/2375-5717-31.4.39

- Pinter A, Szatmari S Jr, Horvath T, Penzlin AI, Barlinn K, Siepmann M, Siepmann T. Cardiac dysautonomia in depression heart rate variability biofeedback as a potential add-on therapy. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2019 May 17;15:1287-1310. doi: 10.2147/NDT.S200360. PMID: 31190834; PMCID: PMC6529729.

Depressive disorders are among the most important health problems and are predicted to constitute the leading cause of disease burden by the year 2030. Aside significant impact on quality of life, psychosocial well-being and socioeconomic status of affected patients, depression is associated with impaired cardiovascular health and increased mortality.

- Overmann L, Schleip R, Michalak J. Exploring fascial properties in patients with depression and chronic neck pain: An observational study. Acta Psychol (Amst). 2024 Apr;244:104214. doi: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104214. Epub 2024 Mar 10. PMID: 38461580.

The study highlights the impact of depression and chronic pain on fascial properties, emphasizing the need for further research in this domain to unravel the intricate connections and potential implications for treatment strategies.

- Overmann L, Schleip R, Anheyer D, Michalak J. Myofascial release for adults with chronic neck pain and depression. Acta Psychol (Amst). 2024 Jul;247:104325. doi: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104325. Epub 2024 May 17. PMID: 38759583.

- McCraty R, Shaffer F. Heart Rate Variability: New Perspectives on Physiological Mechanisms, Assessment of Self-regulatory Capacity, and Health risk. Glob Adv Health Med. 2015 Jan;4(1):46-61. doi: 10.7453/gahmj.2014.073. PMID: 25694852; PMCID: PMC4311559.

- Henley et al. (2008) quantitatively demonstrated that cervical myofascial release modifies the sympatho-vagal balance, from the sympathetic to the parasympathetic nervous system.

In a study with 41 healthy young adults, randomized to the experimental and control groups, Fernández et al (2008) reported a significant decrease in anxiety levels after the application of myofascial induction treatment. In addition, significantly lower values of systolic blood pressure were observed, compared to baseline levels.

- Combes GF, Pellay FX, Radman M. Cause commune et mécanisme commun aux maladies du vieillissement ? [Common cause and mechanism for all pathologies of aging?]. Med Sci (Paris). 2020 Dec;36(12):1129-1134. French. doi: 10.1051/medsci/2020221. Epub 2020 Dec 9. PMID: 33296629.

- Fournié C, Bouscaren N, Dalleau G, Lenclume V, Mohr C, Zunic P, Cabrera Q, Verkindt C. Adapted physical activity and cardiac coherence in hematologic patients (APACCHE): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2020 Mar 14;12:18. doi: 10.1186/s13102-020-00170-3. PMID: 32190333; PMCID: PMC7071585.

- Yao Y, Ge L, Yu Q, Du X, Zhang X, Taylor-Piliae R, Wei GX. The Effect of Tai Chi Chuan on Emotional Health: Potential Mechanisms and Prefrontal Cortex Hypothesis. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2021 Apr 30;2021:5549006. doi: 10.1155/2021/5549006. PMID: 34007290; PMCID: PMC8110391.

- Yang G, Li W, Klupp N, Cao H, Liu J, Bensoussan A, Kiat H, Karamacoska D, Chang D. Does tai chi improve psychological well-being and quality of life in patients with cardiovascular disease and/or cardiovascular risk factors? A systematic review. BMC Complement Med Ther. 2022 Jan 4;22(1):3. doi: 10.1186/s12906-021-03482-0. PMID: 34983493; PMCID: PMC8725570.
« Psychological risk factors have been recognised as potential, modifiable risk factors in the development and progression of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Tai Chi, a mind-body exercise, has the potential to improve psychological well-being and quality of life »

- Ko J, Deprez D, Shaw K, Alcorn J, Hadjistavropoulos T, Tomczak C, Foulds H, Chilibeck PD. Stretching is Superior to Brisk Walking for Reducing Blood Pressure in People With High-Normal Blood Pressure or Stage I Hypertension. J Phys Act Health. 2021 Jan 1;18(1):21-28. doi: 10.1123/jpah.2020-0365. Epub 2020 Dec 18. Erratum in: J Phys Act Health. 2021 Apr 1;18(4):469. doi: 10.1123/jpah.2021-0068. PMID: 33338988.
"An 8-week stretching program was superior to brisk walking in reducing blood pressure in people with high normal blood pressure or stage 1 hypertension."

- Hotta K, Kamiya K, Shimizu R, Yokoyama M, Nakamura-Ogura M, Tabata M, Kamekawa D, Akiyama A, Kato M, Noda C, Matsunaga A, Masuda T. Stretching exercises enhance vascular endothelial function and improve peripheral circulation in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Int Heart J. 2013;54(2):59-63. doi: 10.1536/ihj.54.59. PMID: 23676363.
« A final mechanism by which stretching might affect blood pressure is via its effect on the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. Following an acute bout of stretching, there is a reduced activation of the sympathetic nervous system in conjunction with an increased activation of the parasympathetic nervous system »
« Considering that walking is beneficial for reducing other cardiovascular risk factors (ie, waist circumference in the present study), it might be best to add a comprehensive stretching routine to aerobic exercise for overall cardiovascular benefit. »

-https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cardiovascular-diseases-(cvds)
"Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death globally."

- https://www.who.int/fr/publications/i/item/9789240031029
"It is important to detect cardiovascular disease as early as possible so that management with counselling and medicines can begin"

"Anxiety disorders are the world’s most common mental disorders, affecting 301 million people in 2019."

- Schleip, Robert; Baker, Amanda: Fascia in Sport and Movement, Handspring Publishing Limited, 2015

- Schleip, Robert, et al. (eds.): Fascia: The Tensional Network of the Human Body: The science and clinical applications in manual and movement therapy. Elsevier, Edinburgh 2012

- Dalton, Erik: Dynamic Body – Exploring Form, Expanding Function. Freedom From Pain Institute, Oklahoma 2011.

- Galloway, Jeff: The Run-Walk-Run Method Meyer & Meyer, Aachen 2016

- Lesondak, David; Akey, Angeli Maun: Fascia, Function and Medical Application. CRC Press, Boca Raton FL 2021

- Müller, Divo, Hertzer, Karin: Train Your Fascia – Tone Your Body. Meyer & Meyer Sport 2017

- Myers, Thomas: Anatomy Trains – Myofascial Meridians for Manual and Movement Therapists, 3rd edition, Elsevier, Munich 2015

- Parisi, Bill; Allen, Johnathon: Fascia Training: A Whole-System Approach. Parisi Media Productions 2019

- Blase K, Vermetten E, Lehrer P, Gevirtz R. Neurophysiological Approach by Self-Control of Your Stress-Related Autonomic Nervous System with Depression, Stress and Anxiety Patients. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Mar 24;18(7):3329. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18073329. PMID: 33804817; PMCID: PMC8036915.

« Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback (HRVB) is a treatment in which patients learn self-regulation of a physiological dysregulated vagal nerve function. While the therapeutic approach of HRVB is promising for a variety of disorders, it has not yet been regularly offered in a mental health treatment setting. »

- Goessl VC, Curtiss JE, Hofmann SG. The effect of heart rate variability biofeedback training on stress and anxiety: a meta-analysis. Psychol Med. 2017 Nov;47(15):2578-2586. doi: 10.1017/S0033291717001003. Epub 2017 May 8. PMID: 28478782.
« Some evidence suggests that heart rate variability (HRV) biofeedback might be an effective way to treat anxiety and stress symptoms.

- Rétroaction biologique sur la variabilité du rythme cardiaque : implications pour les effets cognitifs et psychiatriques chez les personnes âgées, un article de Jester DJ, Rozek EK, McKelley RA, publié dans Aging Ment Health
"This study suggests that older adults may benefit from HRV biofeedback interventions much like the younger populations that have been studied for decades. Depression, anxiety, and attentional skills were positively affected. Several participants reported improved sleep quality and stress management. Future studies should corroborate these finding"

- Schuman DL, Lawrence KA, Boggero I, Naegele P, Ginsberg JP, Casto A, Moser DK. A Pilot Study of a Three-Session Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback Intervention for Veterans with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback. 2023 Mar;48(1):51-65. doi: 10.1007/s10484-022-09565-z. Epub 2022 Nov 4. PMID: 36331685.

“Veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have reduced heart rate variability, a characteristic of autonomic nervous system dysregulation. Studies show that heart rate variability biofeedback (HRVB) is effective in reducing post-traumatic stress disorder by improving autonomic functioning.”

- Yuan H, Silberstein SD. Vagus Nerve and Vagus Nerve Stimulation, a Comprehensive Review: Part II. Headache. 2016 Feb;56(2):259-66. doi: 10.1111/head.12650. Epub 2015 Sep 18. PMID: 26381725.

- Bonaz B, Sinniger V, Pellissier S. Vagus nerve stimulation: a new promising therapeutic tool in inflammatory bowel disease. J Intern Med. 2017 Jul;282(1):46-63. doi: 10.1111/joim.12611. Epub 2017 Apr 18. PMID: 28421634.

- Sahn B, Pascuma K, Kohn N, Tracey KJ, Markowitz JF. Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation attenuates inflammatory bowel disease in children: a proof-of-concept clinical trial. Bioelectron Med. 2023 Oct 18;9(1):23. doi: 10.1186/s42234-023-00124-3. PMID: 37849000; PMCID: PMC10583463.

- Bonaz B, Sinniger V, Pellissier S. Anti-inflammatory properties of the vagus nerve: potential therapeutic implications of vagus nerve stimulation. J Physiol. 2016 Oct 15;594(20):5781-5790. doi: 10.1113/JP271539. Epub 2016 May 1. PMID: 27059884; PMCID: PMC5063949.

- Komegae EN, Farmer DGS, Brooks VL, McKinley MJ, McAllen RM, Martelli D. Vagal afferent activation suppresses systemic inflammation via the splanchnic anti-inflammatory pathway. Brain Behav Immun. 2018 Oct;73:441-449. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2018.06.005. Epub 2018 Jun 5. PMID: 29883598; PMCID: PMC6319822.

- Komegae EN, Farmer DGS, Brooks VL, McKinley MJ, McAllen RM, Martelli D. Vagal afferent activation suppresses systemic inflammation via the splanchnic anti-inflammatory pathway. Brain Behav Immun. 2018 Oct;73:441-449. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2018.06.005. Epub 2018 Jun 5. PMID: 29883598; PMCID: PMC6319822.

- Butt MF, Albusoda A, Farmer AD, Aziz Q. The anatomical basis for transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation. J Anat. 2020 Apr;236(4):588-611. doi: 10.1111/joa.13122. Epub 2019 Nov 19. PMID: 31742681; PMCID: PMC7083568.

- Butt MF, Albusoda A, Farmer AD, Aziz Q. The anatomical basis for transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation. J Anat. 2020 Apr;236(4):588-611. doi: 10.1111/joa.13122. Epub 2019 Nov 19. PMID: 31742681; PMCID: PMC7083568.

- Austelle CW, O'Leary GH, Thompson S, Gruber E, Kahn A, Manett AJ, Short B, Badran BW. A Comprehensive Review of Vagus Nerve Stimulation for Depression. Neuromodulation. 2022 Apr;25(3):309-315. doi: 10.1111/ner.13528. Epub 2021 Sep 6. PMID: 35396067; PMCID: PMC8898319.

- Ellrich J. Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation. J Clin Neurophysiol. 2019 Nov;36(6):437-442. doi: 10.1097/WNP.0000000000000576. PMID: 31688327.

- Ottaviani MM, Macefield VG. Structure and Functions of the Vagus Nerve in Mammals. Compr Physiol. 2022 Aug 11;12(4):3989-4037. doi: 10.1002/cphy.c210042. PMID: 35950655.
« The vagus nerve is the largest and longest cranial nerve, supplying structures in the neck, thorax, and abdomen. It is also the only cranial nerve in which the vast majority of its innervation territory resides outside the head (...) We provide a comprehensive review of the physiological roles of vagal sensory and motor neurons in control of the cardiovascular, respiratory, and gastrointestinal systems, and finish with a discussion on the interactions between the vagus nerve and the immune system. »

- Dr Bruno Bonaz (congrès SFETD 2020) indicates that any dysfunction of the vagus nerve, any vagal hypotonia, is a pro-inflammatory and pro-nociceptive factor (nociception = nerve stimulation message that can lead to a pain response).

- "Variabilité de la fréquence cardiaque : un marqueur de risque cardiométabolique en santé publique": https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0001407919316358

- Kondrup F, Gaudreault N, Venne G. The deep fascia and its role in chronic pain and pathological conditions: A review. Clin Anat. 2022 Jul;35(5):649-659. doi: 10.1002/ca.23882. Epub 2022 Apr 27. PMID: 35417568.

We find that the five main pathologies of the deep fascia are chronic low back pain, chronic neck pain, Dupuytren's contracture, plantar fasciitis and iliotibial band syndrome.

- Feketa VP, Gleba LA, Palamarchuk OS, Savka JM, Kivezhdi KB. [CORRECTION OF HEART RATE VARIABILITY USING DIAPHRAGMATIC BREATHING MODE BIOFEEDBACK IN HEALTHY PEOPLE.]. Fiziol Zh (1994). 2016;62(4):66-75. Ukrainian. doi: 10.15407/fz62.04.066. PMID: 29975477.
According to the data, deep diaphragmatic breathing used in biofeedback mode harmonizes breathing and blood circulation, which positively affects the body's adaptive potential.

- Bornemann B, Kovacs P, Singer T. Voluntary upregulation of heart rate variability through biofeedback is improved by mental contemplative training. Sci Rep. 2019 May 27;9(1):7860. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-44201-7. PMID: 31133673; PMCID: PMC6536553.
Parasympathetic nervous system regulation, as indexed by high-frequency heart rate variability (HF-HRV), is an indicator of physical and psychological health (...) Our data demonstrate that a mental training intervention spanning several months can increase the capacity for voluntary regulation of HF-HRV, with important implications for improving individual and societal health.

- Sakakibara M. Evaluation of Heart Rate Variability and Application of Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback: Toward Further Research on Slow-Paced Abdominal Breathing in Zen Meditation. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback. 2022 Dec;47(4):345-356. doi: 10.1007/s10484-022-09546-2. Epub 2022 May 17. PMID: 35579767.

- Sánchez-Solís AM, Peláez-Hernández V, Santiago-Fuentes LM, Luna-Rodríguez GL, Reyes-Lagos JJ, Orea-Tejeda A. Induced Relaxation Enhances the Cardiorespiratory Dynamics in COVID-19 Survivors. Entropy (Basel). 2023 May 30;25(6):874. doi: 10.3390/e25060874. PMID: 37372218; PMCID: PMC10297625. Most COVID-19 survivors report having at least one persistent symptom after recovery, including sympathovagal imbalance. Slow breathing-based relaxation techniques have been shown to benefit cardiovascular and respiratory dynamics in healthy subjects and patients with various diseases. …….Thus, our results suggest that slow breathing may improve cardiorespiratory dynamics in COVID-19 survivors in the short term by improving cardiorespiratory coupling via increased vagal activity.

- Fiorentini A, Ora J, Tubani L. Autonomic system modification in Zen practitioners. Indian J Med Sci. 2013 Jul-Aug;67(7-8):161-7. PMID: 24469560.

- Oikawa LO, Hirota A, Uratani H, Sakakibara M. History and Recent Advances of the Japanese Society of Biofeedback Research. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback. 2021 Dec;46(4):309-318. doi: 10.1007/s10484-021-09516-0. PMID: 34146187; PMCID: PMC8214059.

- Shi L, Liu F, Liu Y, Wang R, Zhang J, Zhao Z, Zhao J. Biofeedback Respiratory Rehabilitation Training System Based on Virtual Reality Technology. Sensors (Basel). 2023 Nov 7;23(22):9025. doi: 10.3390/s23229025. PMID: 38005413; PMCID: PMC10674163. C'est pourquoi cet article conçoit un système d'entraînement à la réhabilitation respiratoire par biofeedback basé sur la technologie de la réalité virtuelle.

- Habu H, Mitsuhashi T, Tokinobu A, Yorifuji T, Takao S. Effects of Tanden Breathing on Constipation: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Acta Med Okayama. 2022 Aug;76(4):391-398. doi: 10.18926/AMO/63893. PMID: 36123153.

- Yu X, Fumoto M, Nakatani Y, Sekiyama T, Kikuchi H, Seki Y, Sato-Suzuki I, Arita H. Activation of the anterior prefrontal cortex and serotonergic system is associated with improvements in mood and EEG changes induced by Zen meditation practice in novices. Int J Psychophysiol. 2011 May;80(2):103-11. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2011.02.004. Epub 2011 Feb 17. PMID: 21333699. Ces résultats suggèrent que l'activation du PFC antérieur et du système 5-HT peut être responsable de l'amélioration de l'humeur négative et des changements de signaux EEG observés pendant l'attention focalisée sur la respiration Tanden.

This article opens new avenues for understanding the biological causes of anxiety disorders and the benefits of certain slow, deep breathing exercises to calm these states.

- https://www.ifemdr.fr/comment-regler-naturellement-les-troubles-du-rythme-cardiaque/

- https://www.ifemdr.fr/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/maigrir-avec-la-coherence-cardiaque.jpg

- https://www.ifemdr.fr/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/coherence-cardiaque-365.jpg

- Suarez-Rodriguez V, Fede C, Pirri C, Petrelli L, Loro-Ferrer JF, Rodriguez-Ruiz D, De Caro R, Stecco C. Fascial Innervation: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Int J Mol Sci. 2022 May 18;23(10):5674. doi: 10.3390/ijms23105674. PMID: 35628484; PMCID: PMC9143136.
From this review, it is evident that fasciae are well innerved, their innervation have a particular distribution and precise localization and is composed especially by proprioceptors and nociceptors, the latter being more numerous in pathological situations. This could contribute to a better comprehension and management of pain

Stecco A, Gesi M, Stecco C, Stern R. Fascial components of the myofascial pain syndrome. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2013 Aug;17(8):352. doi: 10.1007/s11916-013-0352-9. PMID: 23801005.
Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) is described as the muscle, sensory, motor, and autonomic nervous system symptoms caused by stimulation of myofascial trigger points (MTP). The participation of fascia in this syndrome has often been neglected

Kondrup F, Gaudreault N, Venne G. The deep fascia and its role in chronic pain and pathological conditions: A review. Clin Anat. 2022 Jul;35(5):649-659. doi: 10.1002/ca.23882. Epub 2022 Apr 27. PMID: 35417568.
The deep fascia is a three-dimensional continuum of connective tissue surrounding the bones, muscles, nerves and blood vessels throughout our body (…)The pathological fascia is characterized by changes in innervation, immunology and tissue contracture. Further investigation is required to best benefit both research opportunities and patient care

Wilke J, Macchi V, De Caro R, Stecco C. Fascia thickness, aging and flexibility: is there an association? J Anat. 2019 Jan;234(1):43-49. doi: 10.1111/joa.12902. Epub 2018 Nov 11. PMID: 30417344; PMCID: PMC6284431.
The morphology of the connective tissue may play an important role in locomotor mechanics. Recent research has revealed an association between increased fascia thickness and reduced joint flexibility in patients with chronic pain.

Stecco A, Giordani F, Fede C, Pirri C, De Caro R, Stecco C. From Muscle to the Myofascial Unit: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Feb 24;24(5):4527. doi: 10.3390/ijms24054527. PMID: 36901958; PMCID: PMC10002604.

The "motor unit" or the "muscle" has long been considered the quantal element in the control of movement. However, in recent years new research has proved the strong interaction between muscle fibers and intramuscular connective tissue, and between muscles and fasciae, suggesting that the muscles can no longer be considered the only elements that organize movement. In addition, innervation and vascularization of muscle is strongly connected with intramuscular connective tissue.

- FASCIAL Fitness Robert Schleip with Johanna Bayer
the pain-relieving effects of yoga are achieved not through meditation and spirituality, or even through muscle strengthening, but in fact through the slow stretching involved in the specific poses.

Henley CE, Ivins D, Mills M, Wen FK, Benjamin BA. Osteopathic manipulative treatment and its relationship to autonomic nervous system activity as demonstrated by heart rate variability: a repeated measures study. Osteopath Med Prim Care. 2008 Jun 5;2:7. doi: 10.1186/1750-4732-2-7. PMID: 18534024; PMCID: PMC2442110.

The vagal response produced by the myofascial release procedure in the maximally stimulated sympathetic environment could only have come from the application of the OMT. This demonstrates the association between OMT and the autonomic nervous system.

Traitement manipulatif ostéopathique et sa relation avec l’activité du système nerveux autonome

20/10/2021Kyllian Bessette

Science santé et Ostéopathie

This study quantitatively shows the effect on the ortho/parasympathetic balance of a cervical myofascial technique via its parasympathetic action. The authors suggest conducting other studies using other techniques in order to see their impacts on the autonomic nervous system, as well as carrying out similar studies in subjects with pathology.

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Traitement manipulatif ostéopathique et sa relation avec l’activité du système nerveux autonome

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